Mejoramiento de afirmado con adición de cal estructural en el camino vecinal SM 107 Alfonso Ugarte, Nuevo Alianza – Nuevo Piura – sector Contamana – Picota – San Martín
Date
2022-06-16
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
La capa de afirmado colocado en el tramo de estudio de la presente tesis es el apoyo incondicional de la estructura de la vía, con la cual va a resistir los diferentes puntos de cargas verticales y deformaciones, es preferible clasificar los tipos de suelos a existir y en la cual se deberá tratar en forma química y mejorar sus característica física y mecánicas para el cual deberá cumplir los requisitos mínimos para la construcción de la vía.
En la presente investigación se evaluará la utilidad de la adición de cal para mejorar las características de suelos plásticos con la finalidad de poder ser utilizado en subrasantes de buena capacidad portante en una vía alto tránsito (camino vecinal Alfonso Ugarte, Nuevo Piura, Nuevo Alianza, Sector Contamana – Picota – San Martín).
Para mejorar las propiedades del suelo se ha optado por adicionar cal (también llamada cal estructural) oxido de calcio (Cao) en dosificaciones de 2.5%, 4.5% y 7.5%, a fin de encontrar la dosificación óptima que mejore las propiedades químicas y tales como sus características mecánicas y físicas del suelo.
Siendo este tipo de estabilizador muy común y a la vez muy útil por ser un material económico y abundante en el territorio peruano, motivo por el cual en esta investigación se realizará una breve descripción del material existente mediante el ensayo granulométrico por tamizado ASTM D 1241- 305 para determinar el tipo de suelo a tratar seguido por ensayo Proctor modificado 2000 según ASTM D-1557 y finalmente ensayo CBR ASTM D-1883 para determinar su capacidad portante del material afirmado.
La estabilización de suelos permite mejorar sus propiedades especialmente sus niveles de esfuerzo – deformación, no es de extrañar que las técnicas más comunes que se observan en la provincia y en la práctica profesional para estabilizar un suelo sea solamente material y agua para compactación. Sin embargo, con el desarrollo y auge de tecnologías renovables o desarrollo sostenible se está tratando de investigar y desarrollar nuevos métodos no convencionales de estabilización viable desde el punto de vista técnico, de resistencia, de economía, y ambiental.
Al no cumplir las especificaciones establecidas en las normas, primero se decidió utilizar el método de Eades & Grim (ASTM D 6276) con la finalidad de obtener el porcentaje de cal necesario para estabilizar el suelo, el cual consiste en medir el valor de pH de las muestras de suelo – cal, determinando el porcentaje de cal con el objetivo de determinar la efectividad de la estabilización.
Finalmente, al comparar el suelo – cal con el suelo en estado natural, se redujo su plasticidad y el porcentaje de expansión. Por lo que el porcentaje de cal es satisfactorio para lograr la estabilización del suelo analizado, cumpliendo así, con las especificaciones establecidas en el manual de especificaciones técnicas del MTC.
The affirmed layer placed in the section of study of this thesis is the unconditional support of the structure of the road, with which it will resist the different points of vertical loads and deformations, it is preferable to classify the types of soils to exist and in which it must be treated chemically and improve its physical and mechanical characteristics for which it must meet the minimum requirements for the construction of the road. In this research, the usefulness of the addition of lime to improve the characteristics of plastic soils will be evaluated in order to be able to be used in subgrade of good bearing capacity in a high traffic road (Alfonso Ugarte neighborhood road, Nuevo Piura, Nuevo Alianza, Contamana Sector - Picota - San Martín). To improve the properties of the soil, it has been decided to add lime (also called structural lime) calcium oxide (Cao) in dosages of 2.5%, 4.5% and 7.5%, in order to find the optimal dosage that improves the chemical properties and such as its mechanical and physical characteristics of the soil. This type of stabilizer being very common and at the same time very useful because it is an inexpensive and abundant material in the Peruvian territory, which is why in this research a brief description of the existing material will be made by means of the sieve granulometric test ASTM D 1241-305 to determine the type of soil to be treated followed by the modified Proctor 2000 test according to ASTM D-1557 and finally the CBR test ASTM D-1883 to determine its bearing capacity of the affirmed material. Soil stabilization allows improving its properties, especially its levels of stress - deformation, it is not surprising that the most common techniques observed in the province and in professional practice to stabilize a soil are only material and water for compaction. However, with the development and rise of renewable technologies or sustainable development, attempts are being made to investigate and develop new unconventional stabilization methods that are viable from a technical, resistance, economic, and environmental point of view.
The affirmed layer placed in the section of study of this thesis is the unconditional support of the structure of the road, with which it will resist the different points of vertical loads and deformations, it is preferable to classify the types of soils to exist and in which it must be treated chemically and improve its physical and mechanical characteristics for which it must meet the minimum requirements for the construction of the road. In this research, the usefulness of the addition of lime to improve the characteristics of plastic soils will be evaluated in order to be able to be used in subgrade of good bearing capacity in a high traffic road (Alfonso Ugarte neighborhood road, Nuevo Piura, Nuevo Alianza, Contamana Sector - Picota - San Martín). To improve the properties of the soil, it has been decided to add lime (also called structural lime) calcium oxide (Cao) in dosages of 2.5%, 4.5% and 7.5%, in order to find the optimal dosage that improves the chemical properties and such as its mechanical and physical characteristics of the soil. This type of stabilizer being very common and at the same time very useful because it is an inexpensive and abundant material in the Peruvian territory, which is why in this research a brief description of the existing material will be made by means of the sieve granulometric test ASTM D 1241-305 to determine the type of soil to be treated followed by the modified Proctor 2000 test according to ASTM D-1557 and finally the CBR test ASTM D-1883 to determine its bearing capacity of the affirmed material. Soil stabilization allows improving its properties, especially its levels of stress - deformation, it is not surprising that the most common techniques observed in the province and in professional practice to stabilize a soil are only material and water for compaction. However, with the development and rise of renewable technologies or sustainable development, attempts are being made to investigate and develop new unconventional stabilization methods that are viable from a technical, resistance, economic, and environmental point of view.
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Keywords
Subrasante, Estructura, Cargas verticales, Portante, Cal, Subgrade, Structure, Vertical loads, Bearing, Bearing, Lime
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