Factores asociados a sufrimiento fetal agudo en gestantes adolescentes atendidas en el hospital III Iquitos - EsSalud 2018 - 2019

Abstract

Introducción: El embarazo en adolescente es un problema de salud pública por su alta tasa de complicaciones maternas y perinatales, una de ellas es el SFA que aumenta la morbilidad y mortalidad del recién nacido. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a sufrimiento fetal agudo en las gestantes adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital III Iquitos – EsSALUD, 2018 – 2019. Material y métodos: El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo, de diseño es descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo de Caso control, con 36 casos y 72 controles, determinando las características sociodemográficas, obstétricas y morbilidad durante el embarazo que se asocian a SFA Resultados: La procedencia urbana es un factor protectivo significativo para la presencia de SFA durante el parto (OR=0.417, p=0.040). Las gestantes adolescentes con edad gestacional < 37 semanas (45.9%, OR=2.32, p=0.044); con bajo peso pregestacional (53.8%, OR=2.88, p=0.021), con una ganancia de peso no adecuado (48.3%, OR=2.42, p=0.045), con menos de 6 APN (42.6%, OR=2.74, p=0.019) se asociaron significativamente con mayor riesgo para presentar SFA durante el trabajo de parto. La anemia (48.4%, OR=2.49, p)0.030), hipertensión inducida por el embarazo (60.0%, OR=3.66, p=0.018), preeclampsia (66.7%, OR=4.60, p=0.026) y oligohidramnios (63.6%, OR=4.10, p=0.024) Conclusión: Las gestantes adolescentes presentan características sociodemográficas, obstétricas y morbilidad que se asocian a la presencia de sufrimiento fetal agudo.

Teen pregnancy is a public health problem due to its high rate of maternal and perinatal complications, one of which is the SFA that increases newborn morbidity-mortality. Objective: To determine the factors associated with acute fetal suffering in adolescent pregnant women attended at Hospital III Iquitos – EsSALUD, 2018 – 2019. Maherial Mand methods: The study is quantitative, design is descriptive, transversal, retrospective of Case control, with 36 cases and 72 controls, which compares sociodemographic, obstetric characteristics and morbidity during pregnancy that are associated with SFA Results: Urban origin is a significant protective factor for the presence of SFA during childbirth (OR-0.417, p-0.040). Adolescent pregnant women with gestational age < 37 weeks (45.9%, OR-2.32, p-0.044); with low pregestational weight (53.8%, OR-2.88, p-0.021), with an uns suitable weight gain (48.3%, OR-2.42, p-0.045), with less than 6 APNs (42.6%, OR- 2.74, p-0.019) were significantly associated with increased risk for developing SFA during labor. Anemia (48.4%, OR-2.49, p)0.030), pregnancy-induced hypertension (60.0%, OR-3.66, p-0.018), preeclampsia (66.7%, OR-4.60, p-0.026) and oligohydramnios (63.6%, OR-4.10, p-0.024) Conclusion: Adolescent pregnant women have sociodemographic, obstetric characteristics and morbidity that are associated with the presence of acute fetal suffering.