La maternidad tardía se asocia a alteraciones preexistentes que
inevitablemente se incrementan con la edad, con patologías como
hipertensión, prematuridad, bajo peso al nacer, malformaciones
congénitas, entre otras. Ellas afectan sensiblemente la morbimortalidad
materno perinatal, que favorecen las complicaciones en el parto y
aumentan las intervenciones quirúrgicas.
Objetivo
Determinar las complicaciones maternas y perinatales en gestantes
añosas atendidas en el Hospital Regional de Loreto, enero a junio 2022.
Metodología
La presente investigación fue de tipo cuantitativo no experimental, de
diseño descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo; con una población
constituida por 269 gestantes añosas y una muestra de 159 gestantes
añosas que cumplieron con los criterios de selección.
Resultados
En las características sociodemográficas el 63.5% tuvo edades entre 35 a
39 años, seguido del 86.2% que fueron convivientes, con procedencia
urbano en un 68.6% y estudios secundarios en el 61.6% de la muestra de
estudio; seguido de las características obstétricas, el 43.4% fueron
multíparas, con gestación a término en 72.3%, controladas en el 69.8% y
mayor predominio de partos por cesárea en 64.2%. Entre las principales
complicaciones maternas fueron; Preeclampsia (30.8%), Infección de
tracto de urinario (12.6%), amenaza de parto prematuro (6.9%) anemia
(5.7%) y Eclampsia (1.9%), sin embargo, el 5.0% no presentaron
complicaciones; Las principales complicaciones perinatales fueron; bajo
peso al nacer (17.0%), prematuridad (9.4%) y óbito fetal (7.5%), sin
embargo, el 66.0% no presentaron complicaciones.
Late motherhood is associated with pre-existing disorders that inevitably
increase with age, with pathologies such as hypertension, prematurity, low
birth weight, congenital malformations, among others. They significantly
affect perinatal maternal morbidity and mortality, which favor complications
in childbirth and increase surgical interventions.
Objective
To determine the maternal and perinatal complications in elderly pregnant
women treated at the Regional Hospital of Loreto, January to June 2022.
Methodology
The present investigation was of a non-experimental quantitative type,
with a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective design; with a
population made up of 269 elderly pregnant women and a sample of 159
elderly pregnant women who met the selection criteria.
Results
In the sociodemographic characteristics, 63.5% were between the ages of
35 and 39, followed by 86.2% who were cohabitants, with urban origin in
68.6% and secondary studies in 61.6% of the study sample; followed by
obstetric characteristics, 43.4% were multiparous, with term pregnancy in
72.3%, controlled in 69.8%, and a greater prevalence of cesarean
deliveries in 64.2%. Among the main maternal complications were;
Preeclampsia (30.8%), urinary tract infection (12.6%), threatened
premature labor (6.9%), anemia (5.7%) and eclampsia (1.9%), however,
5.0% did not present complications; The main perinatal complications
were; low birth weight (17.0%), prematurity (9.4%) and stillbirth (7.5%),
however, 66.0% did not present complications.
Conclusion
Maternal complications were significantly related to parity (0.025).
Perinatal complications were statistically related to age (0.011), marital
status (0.001) as well as a highly significant relationship with origin
xiv
(0.000), parity (0.000), gestational age (0.000) and prenatal care (0.000).