Adherencia en salud a pruebas de tamizaje de cáncer cérvico uterino en mujeres de la comunidad de padre cocha, 2023
Date
2024-07-26
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
Objetivo.
Determinar las barreras para la adherencia a pruebas de tamizaje de cáncer
cérvico uterino en mujeres de la comunidad de Padre Cocha, 2023.
Metodología.
Investigación de tipo descriptivo, corte transversal y prospectivo. La
población 847 mujeres residentes en la Comunidad de Padre Cocha y la
muestra constituida por 264 mujeres.
Resultado.
Barreras sociodemográficas, prevalencia de mujeres de 33 a 44 años
(58,7%); nivel secundario (61,7%); convivientes (65,9%), amas de casa
(54,2%) e ingreso económico > a 1025 soles (46,2%). Barreras
reproductivas: mujeres con inicio de relaciones sexuales >15 años (51,9%);
con una sola pareja sexual (60,2%); primer embarazo ≤ a 15 años (58%);
con 2 a 5 embarazos (57,2%) y sin antecedentes de infecciones de
transmisión sexual (79,5%). Barreras institucionales: tiempo de espera para
tamizaje de cáncer cérvico uterino de 1 a 2 horas (59,8%), personal
disponible para la realización del tamizaje (43,6%) y no confían en el
profesional al momento de la atención (88,3%). Barreras cognitivas: las
mujeres escucharon hablar sobre el cáncer de cuello uterino (83,7%);
consideran que si se puede prevenir (86,0%); conocen la existencia de una
vacuna (60,2%); no conocen los exámenes que se realiza para detectar
cáncer del cuello uterino (67,8%), sin embargo, si saben a dónde acudir
para realizarse las pruebas (86,7%), desconocimiento del lugar de donde
se obtiene la muestra para el tamizaje (93,9%); no conocen que el tamizaje
con el Papanicolaou permite la detección temprana del cáncer de cuello
uterino (89,8%); desconocen el tiempo de la realización del tamizaje
(53,4%); desconocen que uno de los requisitos para el tamizaje es no tener
contacto sexual y estar presentando sangrado con 96,2% y 81,1%
respectivamente, sin embargo, el 93,2% conocen que es deben acudir sin
haberse colocado óvulos previamente al tamizaje. En relación a IVAA, el
80,3% no conocen su significado y el 85,2% desconocen cada cuanto
tiempo deben realizarse. Barreras socioculturales: miedo a acudir a
realizarse las pruebas de tamizaje (67,4%); miedo a los resultados (72,0%);
se sienten incomodas (56,8%); no sienten vergüenza hacer atendidas por
un profesional varón (53,0%) e influye la pareja en la decisión para
realizarse el tamizaje (52,7%).
Conclusión. Se concluye que existe barreras sociodemográficas,
reproductivas, institucionales, cognitivas y socioculturales para la baja
adherencia a las pruebas de tamizaje para cáncer cervico uterino en la
Comunidad de Padre Cocha.
Objective. Determine the barriers to adherence to cervical cancer screening tests in women in the community of Padre Cocha, 2023. Methodology. Descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective research. The population was 847 women residing in the Community of Padre Cocha and the sample consisted of 264 women. Result. Sociodemographic barriers prevalence of: women aged 33 to 44 years (58.7%); secondary level (61.7%); cohabitants (65.9%), housewives (54.2%) and economic income > 1025 soles (46.2%). Reproductive barriers: women with initiation of sexual relations >15 years of age (51.9%); with only one sexual partner (60.2%); first pregnancy ≤ 15 years (58%); with 2 to 5 pregnancies (57.2%) and no history of sexually transmitted infections (79.5%). Institutional barriers: waiting time for cervical cancer screening of 1 to 2 hours (59.8%), staff available to perform the screening (43.6%) and not trusting the professional at the time of care (88). ,3%). Cognitive barriers: women heard about cervical cancer (83.7%); they consider that it can be prevented (86.0%); they know the existence of a vaccine (60.2%); They do not know the tests performed to detect cervical cancer (67.8%), however, they do know where to go for the tests (86.7%), lack of knowledge of the place from which the sample is obtained for the screening (93.9%); They do not know that Pap smear screening allows early detection of cervical cancer (89.8%); they do not know the time to perform the screening (53.4%); They are unaware that one of the requirements for screening is not to have sexual contact and to be bleeding with 96.2% and 81.1% respectively, however, 93.2% know that they must go without having placed eggs prior to screening. . In relation to VIA, 80.3% do not know its meaning and 85.2% do not know how often they should be performed. Sociocultural barriers: fear of going for screening tests (67.4%); fear of results (72.0%); they feel uncomfortable (56.8%); They do not feel ashamed to be seen by a male professional (53.0%) and the couple influences the decision to undergo screening (52.7%). Conclusion. It is concluded that there are sociodemographic, reproductive, institutional, cognitive and sociocultural barriers for low adherence to screening tests for cervical uterine cancer.
Objective. Determine the barriers to adherence to cervical cancer screening tests in women in the community of Padre Cocha, 2023. Methodology. Descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective research. The population was 847 women residing in the Community of Padre Cocha and the sample consisted of 264 women. Result. Sociodemographic barriers prevalence of: women aged 33 to 44 years (58.7%); secondary level (61.7%); cohabitants (65.9%), housewives (54.2%) and economic income > 1025 soles (46.2%). Reproductive barriers: women with initiation of sexual relations >15 years of age (51.9%); with only one sexual partner (60.2%); first pregnancy ≤ 15 years (58%); with 2 to 5 pregnancies (57.2%) and no history of sexually transmitted infections (79.5%). Institutional barriers: waiting time for cervical cancer screening of 1 to 2 hours (59.8%), staff available to perform the screening (43.6%) and not trusting the professional at the time of care (88). ,3%). Cognitive barriers: women heard about cervical cancer (83.7%); they consider that it can be prevented (86.0%); they know the existence of a vaccine (60.2%); They do not know the tests performed to detect cervical cancer (67.8%), however, they do know where to go for the tests (86.7%), lack of knowledge of the place from which the sample is obtained for the screening (93.9%); They do not know that Pap smear screening allows early detection of cervical cancer (89.8%); they do not know the time to perform the screening (53.4%); They are unaware that one of the requirements for screening is not to have sexual contact and to be bleeding with 96.2% and 81.1% respectively, however, 93.2% know that they must go without having placed eggs prior to screening. . In relation to VIA, 80.3% do not know its meaning and 85.2% do not know how often they should be performed. Sociocultural barriers: fear of going for screening tests (67.4%); fear of results (72.0%); they feel uncomfortable (56.8%); They do not feel ashamed to be seen by a male professional (53.0%) and the couple influences the decision to undergo screening (52.7%). Conclusion. It is concluded that there are sociodemographic, reproductive, institutional, cognitive and sociocultural barriers for low adherence to screening tests for cervical uterine cancer.
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Keywords
Adherencia, IVAA, Pruebas de tamizaje, Papanicolaou, Adherence, VIA, Screening tests, Papanicolaou
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