Factores de riesgo asociados a la anemia en puérperas inmediatas C.S Morona Cocha de enero a marzo 2021- Iquitos
Date
2021-10-20
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
Durante los primeros días después del parto la mamá se siente agotada,
no solo por la recuperación física sino por los cambios a los que debe
adaptarse: los horarios, la alimentación y los cuidados del bebé, así como
las noches sin dormir.
A pesar de ello, el agotamiento frecuente es una de las alertas del cuerpo,
avisa la presencia de anemia. A esta condición se suman otras, como la
palidez en la piel o una palidez específica debajo de la lengua y en los
ojos (la cual es más fácil de identificar por un especialista), infecciones
sobre todo en las vías urinarias, así como frecuencias cardiacas elevadas.
La anemia suele presentarse entre las mujeres luego del parto, pero en la
mayoría de los casos se cura en pocos días, y solo bajo algunas
condiciones será una enfermedad compleja. En el posparto, la anemia
más común es la ferropénica, que se da por falta de hierro y debe tratarse
de inmediato.
Objetivo: Determinar los factores riesgo asociados a la anemia en
puérperas inmediatas en C.S Morona Cocha de Enero a Marzo del 2021 –
Iquitos.
Metodología: El presente estudio fue de tipo no experimental de diseño
descriptivo correlacional retrospectivo. La población estuvo conformada
por 91 puérperas inmediatas que fueron atendidas en el C.S Morona
Cocha de Enero a Marzo 2021-Iquitos.
Resultados: 59.21% gestantes tuvieron las edades de 20 a 30 años de
edad, 55.26%, cursaron el nivel secundario, 69.74% fueron de zona
urbana.
48.35% puérperas fueron primigestas, 94.50 % tuvieron gestación a
término, 83.52%, tuvieron perdida de sangrado durante el proceso del
trabajo de parto, de 100 a 150 cc. , el 52.77% ingresaron al ante parto con 11 a 11.9 gr/dl. De Hb, mientras que el 45.05%, egresaron en el postparto
inmediato con 11 a 11.6 gr/dl de Hb.
52.74% puérperas presentaron desgarros, 20,97% tuvieron periodo
intergenésico corto, 6.57%, fueron en periodo expulsivo, 3.2% tuvieron
dehiscencia de episiorrafia.
: De 59.34% puérperas atendidas en partos eutocicos : el 38.46%
tuvieron desgarros, y tuvieron las edades de 20 a 30 años,
demostrándose que el factor de riesgo para presentar anemia es entre 20
a 30 años de edad.
De 75.82% puérperas atendidas en partos eutocicos: 30,76% tuvieron
periodo intergenésico corto y tuvieron grado de instrucción secundaria,
demostrándose que el factor de riesgo para presentar anemia son las que
tienen grado de instrucción secundaria.
De 96.70% de puérperas atendidas en partos eutocicos: el 37.36%
tuvieron periodo intergenésico corto y fueron de procedencia urbano,
demostrándose que el factor de riesgo para presentar anemia son las
que provienen de zonas urbanas. Con todo esto se demostró que existe
relación significativa entre las variables sociodemográficos.
De 48.75% puérperas atendidas en partos eutocicos: 35.53% tuvieron
periodo intergenésico corto y fueron primigestas mientras que 23.68%
tuvieron periodo intergenésico corto y fueron multigestas.
Demostrándose que el factor de riesgo para presentar anemia son las
primigestas, y que existe relación significativa entre las variables
obstétricas.
Conclusiones: Se concluye que existe factores de riesgo para que haya
la posibilidad de producirse anemia en las puérperas inmediatas como:
desgarros, periodo intergenésico corto, periodo expulsivo y dehiscencia
de episiorrafia, existiendo una relación significativa entre estas variables.
During the first days after delivery, the mother feels exhausted, not only due to physical recovery but also due to the changes to which she must adapt: the schedules, the feeding and the baby's care, as well as the nights without sleep. Despite this, frequent exhaustion is one of the alerts of the body, it warns of the presence of anemia. To this condition are added others, such as pale skin or a specific paleness under the tongue and in the eyes (which is easier to identify by a specialist), infections especially in the urinary tract, as well as heart rates elevated. Anemia usually occurs among women after childbirth, but in most cases it is cured in a few days, and only under some conditions will it be a complex disease. In the postpartum period, the most common anemia is iron deficiency, which occurs due to a lack of iron and must be treated immediately. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with anemia in immediate puerperal women in C.S Morona Cocha from January to March 2021 –Iquitos. Methodology: The present study was of a non-experimental type with a retrospective correlational descriptive design. The population was made up of 91 immediate puerperal women who were treated at C.S Morona Cocha from January to March 2021-Iquitos. Results: 59.21% of pregnant women had the ages of 20 to 30 years of age, 55.26%, attended the secondary level, 69.74% were from urban areas. 48.35% puerperal women were primiparous, 94.50% were pregnant at term, 83.52% had bleeding loss during the labor process, from 100 to 150 cc. , 52.77% were admitted before delivery with 11 to 11.9 g / dl. Of Hb, while 45.05%, discharged in the immediate postpartum with 11 to 11.6 g / dl of Hb. xii 52.74% puerperal women presented tears, 20.97% had a short intergenetic period, 6.57% were in the second stage, 3.2% had episiorrhaphy dehiscence. : Of 59.34% puerperal women attended in eutocal deliveries: 38.46% had tears, and had the ages of 20 to 30 years, showing that the risk factor for anemia is between 20 to 30 years of age. Of 75.82% puerperal women attended in eutocal deliveries: 30.76% had a short intergenetic period and had a degree of secondary education, showing that the risk factor for anemia is those with a degree of secondary education. Of 96.70% of puerperal women attended in eutocal deliveries: 37.36% had a short intergenetic period and were of urban origin, showing that the risk factor for anemia are those that come from urban areas. With all this, it was shown that there is a significant relationship between sociodemographic variables. Of 48.75% puerperal women attended in eutocal deliveries: 35.53% had a short intergenetic period and were primiparous while 23.68% had a short intergenetic period and were multi-pregnant. Demonstrating that the risk factor for anemia are primiparas, and that there is a significant relationship between obstetric variables. Conclusions: It is concluded that there are risk factors for the possibility of anemia in immediate puerperal women such as: tears, short intergenetic period, expulsive period and episiorrhaphy dehiscence, existing a significant relationship between these variables.
During the first days after delivery, the mother feels exhausted, not only due to physical recovery but also due to the changes to which she must adapt: the schedules, the feeding and the baby's care, as well as the nights without sleep. Despite this, frequent exhaustion is one of the alerts of the body, it warns of the presence of anemia. To this condition are added others, such as pale skin or a specific paleness under the tongue and in the eyes (which is easier to identify by a specialist), infections especially in the urinary tract, as well as heart rates elevated. Anemia usually occurs among women after childbirth, but in most cases it is cured in a few days, and only under some conditions will it be a complex disease. In the postpartum period, the most common anemia is iron deficiency, which occurs due to a lack of iron and must be treated immediately. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with anemia in immediate puerperal women in C.S Morona Cocha from January to March 2021 –Iquitos. Methodology: The present study was of a non-experimental type with a retrospective correlational descriptive design. The population was made up of 91 immediate puerperal women who were treated at C.S Morona Cocha from January to March 2021-Iquitos. Results: 59.21% of pregnant women had the ages of 20 to 30 years of age, 55.26%, attended the secondary level, 69.74% were from urban areas. 48.35% puerperal women were primiparous, 94.50% were pregnant at term, 83.52% had bleeding loss during the labor process, from 100 to 150 cc. , 52.77% were admitted before delivery with 11 to 11.9 g / dl. Of Hb, while 45.05%, discharged in the immediate postpartum with 11 to 11.6 g / dl of Hb. xii 52.74% puerperal women presented tears, 20.97% had a short intergenetic period, 6.57% were in the second stage, 3.2% had episiorrhaphy dehiscence. : Of 59.34% puerperal women attended in eutocal deliveries: 38.46% had tears, and had the ages of 20 to 30 years, showing that the risk factor for anemia is between 20 to 30 years of age. Of 75.82% puerperal women attended in eutocal deliveries: 30.76% had a short intergenetic period and had a degree of secondary education, showing that the risk factor for anemia is those with a degree of secondary education. Of 96.70% of puerperal women attended in eutocal deliveries: 37.36% had a short intergenetic period and were of urban origin, showing that the risk factor for anemia are those that come from urban areas. With all this, it was shown that there is a significant relationship between sociodemographic variables. Of 48.75% puerperal women attended in eutocal deliveries: 35.53% had a short intergenetic period and were primiparous while 23.68% had a short intergenetic period and were multi-pregnant. Demonstrating that the risk factor for anemia are primiparas, and that there is a significant relationship between obstetric variables. Conclusions: It is concluded that there are risk factors for the possibility of anemia in immediate puerperal women such as: tears, short intergenetic period, expulsive period and episiorrhaphy dehiscence, existing a significant relationship between these variables.
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Keywords
Puérpera, Anemia, Postpartum, Anemia
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