Contexto del cuidado y calidad de vida del cuidador familiar del adulto mayor con enfermedad crónica
Date
2024-05-29
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
Con el propósito de determinar la influencia del contexto del cuidado en la
calidad de vida del cuidador familiar del adulto mayor con enfermedad
crónica, se efectuó un estudio observacional correlacional. A 200
cuidadores familiares y 200 adultos mayores se aplicó un cuestionario
sociodemográfico, el índice de Barthel, el cuestionario de apoyo social
MOS, y una lista de cotejo “Factores del entorno físico del adulto mayor
en el domicilio”, confiabilidad de 0.90 según el test de equivalencia. Los
datos fueron procesados a través de SPSS versión 26,0. La edad media
del cuidador familiar fue de 47.8+13.7 años, mayoritariamente de sexo
femenino, estudios secundarios, viven con pareja. Siete de cada diez
cuidadores familiares informaron apoyo social escaso. El adulto mayor
cuidado tiene 74.7+9 años, tiempo de enfermedad promedio de 13.4+6.1
años, 75% con hipertensión arterial y 40% diabetes como comorbilidad. El
45% de adultos mayores presentó algún grado de dependencia funcional.
El hogar de los adultos mayores presenta escasez de adecuaciones del
hogar, no cuentan con rampas, la mitad de ellos no presenta habitación
individual; el baño no cuenta con suelos antideslizantes, barras de apoyo;
además no hay adecuación para la gestión del cuidado. El tiempo de
enfermedad, capacidad funcional del adulto mayor, el apoyo social
percibido por el cuidador familiar, parecen influir considerablemente en la
dimensión emocional de la calidad de vida del cuidador (p<0.05).
In order to determine the influence of the caregiving context on the quality of life of the family caregiver of the chronically ill older adult, a correlational observational study was carried out. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Barthel index, the MOS social support questionnaire, and a checklist "Factors of the physical environment of the older adult at home" were applied to 200 family caregivers and 200 older adults, with a reliability of 0.90 according to the equivalence test. The data were processed through SPSS version 26.0. The mean age of the family caregiver was 47.8+13.7 years, mostly female, high school educated, living with a partner. Seven out of ten family caregivers reported little social support. The older adult cared for was 74.7+9 years old, average time of illness of 13.4+6.1 years, 75% with arterial hypertension and 40% diabetes as comorbidity. Fortyfive percent of older adults presented some degree of functional dependence. The home of the older adults presents a shortage of home adaptations, they do not have ramps, half of them do not have a single room; the bathroom does not have non-slip floors, support bars; in addition, there is no adaptation for care management. The time of illness, functional capacity of the older adult, the social support perceived by the family caregiver, seem to have a significant influence on the emotional dimension of the caregiver's quality of life (p<0.05).
In order to determine the influence of the caregiving context on the quality of life of the family caregiver of the chronically ill older adult, a correlational observational study was carried out. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Barthel index, the MOS social support questionnaire, and a checklist "Factors of the physical environment of the older adult at home" were applied to 200 family caregivers and 200 older adults, with a reliability of 0.90 according to the equivalence test. The data were processed through SPSS version 26.0. The mean age of the family caregiver was 47.8+13.7 years, mostly female, high school educated, living with a partner. Seven out of ten family caregivers reported little social support. The older adult cared for was 74.7+9 years old, average time of illness of 13.4+6.1 years, 75% with arterial hypertension and 40% diabetes as comorbidity. Fortyfive percent of older adults presented some degree of functional dependence. The home of the older adults presents a shortage of home adaptations, they do not have ramps, half of them do not have a single room; the bathroom does not have non-slip floors, support bars; in addition, there is no adaptation for care management. The time of illness, functional capacity of the older adult, the social support perceived by the family caregiver, seem to have a significant influence on the emotional dimension of the caregiver's quality of life (p<0.05).
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Keywords
Calidad de vida, Cuidador familiar, Anciano, Quality of life, Family caregiver, Elder
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