Variables asociadas a diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería relevantes en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio atendidos en emergencia

Abstract

Antecedentes: Estudios recientes indican que los principales diagnósticos de enfermería para el IMA fueron dolor, ansiedad y se establecieron las intervenciones para cada uno de ellos lo que permitió minimizar la ocurrencia de eventos adversos que conlleven a urgencias. Objetivo: Determinar las variables asociadas a Diagnósticos e Intervenciones relevantes de enfermería en infarto agudo de miocardio atendido en emergencia. Material y métodos: Se empleó el método cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo retrospectivo correlacional transversal. La muestra conformada por 40 historias clínicas de pacientes con IMA, se utilizó la técnica revisión documentaria, confiabilidad de Alpha de Cronbach (0,83). Resultados: La mayoría de participantes fueron adultos mayores, varones, con estudios Superior no universitario, trabajo independiente y procedencia Iquitos. El número de veces que acudieron a emergencia por presentar IMA fue de 03 días. Tiempo de enfermedad un día a dos días. Las enfermedades asociadas fueron Hipertensión arterial, predominó Insuficiencia cardiaca y la mayoría presento estrés. Se identificaron 8 diagnósticos de enfermería; siendo los más relevantes con la etiqueta diagnóstica dolor agudo (95.0%), ansiedad (80,0%), disminución del gasto cardiaco (77.5%), conocimientos deficientes (50.0%) y se establecieron las intervenciones de enfermería para cada uno de ellos para favorecer la atención a cada paciente. Conclusiones: Se encontró asociación directa entre frecuencia cardiaca e intolerancia a la actividad; saturación de oxígeno y ansiedad, sexo y disminución gasto cardiaco, ansiedad y disminución gasto cardiaco y asociación indirecta entre frecuencia respiratoria y disminución de gasto cardiaco; presión arterial y dolor Agudo.

ABSTRACT Background: Recent studies indicate that the main nursing diagnoses for IMA were pain, anxiety and interventions were established for each of them, which allowed minimizing the occurrence of adverse events that lead to emergencies. Objective: to determine the variables associated with the diagnoses and relevant nursing interventions in acute myocardial infarction treated in an emergency. Material and methods: the quantitative method, the descriptive descriptive cross-sectional descriptive design was used. The sample, consisting of 40 medical records of patients with IMA, used the document review technique, the reliability of Cronbach's Alpha (0.83). Results: the majority of the participants were older adults, men, with higher non-university studies, independent work and Iquitos origin. The number of times they went to the emergency to present IMA was 03 days. Sickness time of one to two days. The associated diseases were high blood pressure, heart failure predominated and most of them had stress. 8 nursing diagnoses were identified; being the most relevant with the diagnostic label, acute pain (95.0%), anxiety (80.0%), decrease in cardiac output (77.5%), poor knowledge (50.0%) and nursing interventions for each of them were established to favor Attention to each patient. Conclusions: a direct association was found between heart rate and activity intolerance; oxygen saturation and anxiety, sex and decreased cardiac output, anxiety and decreased cardiac output and indirect association between respiratory rate and decreased cardiac output; Acute blood pressure and pain.Background: Recent studies indicate that the main nursing diagnoses for IMA were pain, anxiety and interventions were established for each of them, which allowed minimizing the occurrence of adverse events that lead to emergencies. Objective: to determine the variables associated with the diagnoses and relevant nursing interventions in acute myocardial infarction treated in an emergency. Material and methods: the quantitative method, the descriptive descriptive crosssectional descriptive design was used. The sample, consisting of 40 medical records of patients with IMA, used the document review technique, the reliability of Cronbach's Alpha (0.83). Results: the majority of the participants were older adults, men, with higher nonuniversity studies, independent work and Iquitos origin. The number of times they went to the emergency to present IMA was 03 days. Sickness time of one to two days. The associated diseases were high blood pressure, heart failure predominated and most of them had stress. 8 nursing diagnoses were identified; being the most relevant with the diagnostic label, acute pain (95.0%), anxiety (80.0%), decrease in cardiac output (77.5%), poor knowledge (50.0%) and nursing interventions for each of them were established to favor Attention to each patient. Conclusions: a direct association was found between heart rate and activity intolerance; oxygen saturation and anxiety, sex and decreased cardiac output, anxiety and decreased cardiac output and indirect association between respiratory rate and decreased cardiac output; Acute blood pressure and pain.