Variables asociadas a la ansiedad en pacientes que serán sometidos a intervención quirúrgica electiva Hospital Regional de Loreto 2022
Date
2023-02-16
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
Los pacientes que son sometidos a cirugía, siempre presentan algún grado de
ansiedad, ya que la intervención quirúrgica de por sí, representa un factor
generador de ansiedad, por sus complejas técnicas y los riesgos que pueden
comprometer la vida del paciente. Objetivo: Determinar las variables que están
asociadas a la ansiedad en pacientes que serán sometidos a intervención
quirúrgica electiva Hospital Regional de Loreto 2022. Material y métodos:
Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo, prospectivo correlacional, con
una muestra de 199 pacientes programados para cirugía entre 20 a 65 años
calculada con la fórmula para poblaciones finitas; la técnica utilizada fue la
encuesta, los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Ficha de datos y Escala de
ansiedad en el pre operatorio de Zung. Para el procesamiento y análisis de los
datos, se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 23.0. Resultados: Se
demostró que existe asociación significativa entre el grado de ansiedad y la
edad (p = 0,011), el sexo (p = 0,007), el grado de instrucción con la ansiedad
(p = 0,037), lugar de residencia y la ansiedad (p = 0,023), número de hijos (p
= 0,020), el tiempo de identificación del problema (p = 0,032), el antecedente
de cirugía previa (p = 0,020), la información sobre el tipo de cirugía (p = 0,018),
la información sobre el tipo de anestesia que iba a recibir (p = 0,030), la
información sobre la zona de la intervención quirúrgica al que iba a ser
sometido (p = valor 0,019) y la información sobre el nombre del médico que
realizará la intervención quirúrgica (p = 0,022). No se demostró asociación
significativa entre el grado de ansiedad y la ocupación (p = 0,226), el estado
civil (p = 0,947, el tipo de cirugía (p = 0,418) y la comorbilidad (hipertensión
0,952 y diabetes 0,071). Conclusión: Existen variables sociodemográficas,
clínico patológicas y de información pre quirúrgica que demostraron asociarse
al grado de ansiedad en los pacientes durante una intervención quirúrgica en
el Hospital Regional de Loreto en el 2022, y los hallazgos de la presente
investigación pueden contribuir a una mejor capacitación y, por ende, una
mejor atención y cuidado por parte del personal de salud a cargo.
Patients who undergo surgery always present some degree of anxiety, since the surgical intervention itself represents a factor that generates anxiety, due to its complex techniques and the risks that can compromise the patient's life. Objective: To determine the variables that are associated with anxiety in patients who will undergo elective surgery at Hospital Regional de Loreto 2022. Material and methods: Study with a quantitative approach, descriptive type, prospective correlational, with a sample of 199 patients scheduled for surgery. between 20 and 65 years calculated with the formula for finite populations; the technique used was the survey, the instruments used were: data sheet and Zung's Preoperative Anxiety Scale. For data processing and analysis, the statistical package SPSS version 23.0 was used. Results: It was shown that there is a significant association between the degree of anxiety and age (p = 0.011), sex (p = 0.007), level of education with anxiety (p = 0.037), place of residence and anxiety ( p = 0.023), number of children (p = 0.020), problem identification time (p = 0.032), history of previous surgery (p = 0.020), information on the type of surgery (p = 0.018), information on the type of anesthesia that was going to receive (p = 0.030), information on the area of the surgical intervention to which he was going to undergo (p = value 0.019) and information on the name of the doctor who will perform the intervention surgical (p = 0.022). No significant association was found between the degree of anxiety and occupation (p = 0.226), marital status (p = 0.947, type of surgery (p = 0.418) and comorbidity (hypertension 0.952 and diabetes 0.071). Conclusion: There are sociodemographic, clinical pathological and pre-surgical information variables that have been shown to be associated with the degree of anxiety in patients during a surgical intervention at the Regional Hospital of Loreto in 2022, and the findings of the present investigation can contribute to better training. and, therefore, better attention and care by the health personnel in charge.
Patients who undergo surgery always present some degree of anxiety, since the surgical intervention itself represents a factor that generates anxiety, due to its complex techniques and the risks that can compromise the patient's life. Objective: To determine the variables that are associated with anxiety in patients who will undergo elective surgery at Hospital Regional de Loreto 2022. Material and methods: Study with a quantitative approach, descriptive type, prospective correlational, with a sample of 199 patients scheduled for surgery. between 20 and 65 years calculated with the formula for finite populations; the technique used was the survey, the instruments used were: data sheet and Zung's Preoperative Anxiety Scale. For data processing and analysis, the statistical package SPSS version 23.0 was used. Results: It was shown that there is a significant association between the degree of anxiety and age (p = 0.011), sex (p = 0.007), level of education with anxiety (p = 0.037), place of residence and anxiety ( p = 0.023), number of children (p = 0.020), problem identification time (p = 0.032), history of previous surgery (p = 0.020), information on the type of surgery (p = 0.018), information on the type of anesthesia that was going to receive (p = 0.030), information on the area of the surgical intervention to which he was going to undergo (p = value 0.019) and information on the name of the doctor who will perform the intervention surgical (p = 0.022). No significant association was found between the degree of anxiety and occupation (p = 0.226), marital status (p = 0.947, type of surgery (p = 0.418) and comorbidity (hypertension 0.952 and diabetes 0.071). Conclusion: There are sociodemographic, clinical pathological and pre-surgical information variables that have been shown to be associated with the degree of anxiety in patients during a surgical intervention at the Regional Hospital of Loreto in 2022, and the findings of the present investigation can contribute to better training. and, therefore, better attention and care by the health personnel in charge.
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Keywords
Ansiedad, Intervención quirúrgica electiva, Anxiety, Elective surgery
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