Diagnósticos de enfermería en pacientes con VIH/SIDA: variables relacionadas
Date
2021-05-21
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
Este estudio tuvo como objetico determinar los diagnósticos de enfermería y su
relación con algunas variables en pacientes con VIH/SIDA. Se empleó el método
cuantitativo con diseño no experimental, prospectivo, transversal descriptivo,
correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 153 pacientes con VIH/SIDA. Se
recolectaron los datos mediante un instrumento estructurado, con una confiabilidad
Alpha de Cronbach (0,80). Se procesaron los datos en el programa estadístico
SPSS versión 26.0. El 51,0% fueron adultos intermedios, predominando los
varones, solteros (41,8%) con estudios superior universitario (45,1%) e informaron
trabajos independientes (60,1%). Tres cuartas partes de los pacientes tuvieron un
tiempo de enfermedad de 6 años a más, con enfermedad asociada de diabetes
mellitus e hipertensión arterial. En su mayoría informaron tener síntomas de pérdida
de peso, una menor parte presento infección oportunista de tuberculosis y en su
totalidad se contagiaron de VIH/SIDA por transmisión sexual. Los diagnósticos de
enfermería reales más frecuentes fueron: Deterioro de la dentición, Temor y
Desequilibrio nutricional: inferior a las necesidades corporales. Los diagnósticos de
riesgo fueron: el riesgo de infección, riesgo de lesión y el riesgo de baja autoestima
situacional (p<0,001).
The objective of this study was to determine nursing diagnoses and their relationship with some variables in patients with HIV / AIDS. The quantitative method was used with a non-experimental, prospective, descriptive cross-sectional, correlational design. The sample consisted of 153 patients with HIV / AIDS. Data were collected using a structured instrument, with Cronbach's Alpha reliability (0.80). The data were processed in the statistical program SPSS version 26.0. In the results: 51.0% were intermediate adults, predominantly males, single (41.8%) with higher university studies (45.1%) and reported independent work (60.1%). Three-quarters of the patients had an illness time of 6 years or more, with associated disease of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. Most of them reported having symptoms of weight loss, a lesser part had opportunistic tuberculosis infection, and all of them were infected with HIV / AIDS through sexual transmission. The most frequent real nursing diagnoses were: dentition deterioration, fear and nutritional imbalance: lower than the body's needs. The risk diagnoses were: the risk of infection, risk of injury and the risk of low situational self-esteem (p <0.001).
The objective of this study was to determine nursing diagnoses and their relationship with some variables in patients with HIV / AIDS. The quantitative method was used with a non-experimental, prospective, descriptive cross-sectional, correlational design. The sample consisted of 153 patients with HIV / AIDS. Data were collected using a structured instrument, with Cronbach's Alpha reliability (0.80). The data were processed in the statistical program SPSS version 26.0. In the results: 51.0% were intermediate adults, predominantly males, single (41.8%) with higher university studies (45.1%) and reported independent work (60.1%). Three-quarters of the patients had an illness time of 6 years or more, with associated disease of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. Most of them reported having symptoms of weight loss, a lesser part had opportunistic tuberculosis infection, and all of them were infected with HIV / AIDS through sexual transmission. The most frequent real nursing diagnoses were: dentition deterioration, fear and nutritional imbalance: lower than the body's needs. The risk diagnoses were: the risk of infection, risk of injury and the risk of low situational self-esteem (p <0.001).
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Keywords
Diagnostico de enfermería, VIH/SIDA, Nursing diagnosis, HIV / AIDS
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