Conocimiento relacionado a las actitudes y prácticas hacia la malaria en personas del poblado Rosa Mistica del Varillal, distrito de San Juan Bautista, 2023
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2024-01-12
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
La finalidad principal de esta investigación científica consistió en evaluar el nivel de comprensión, disposición y conductas respecto a la malaria en la comunidad de Rosa Mística del Varillal, ubicada en el distrito de San Juan Bautista, durante el año 2023. El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo, aplicado, transversal, correlacional y prospectivo. La muestra incluyó a 219 individuos de ambos géneros, y la metodología empleada fue la aplicación de encuestas mediante un cuestionario diseñado para evaluar el grado de conocimiento, actitudes y comportamientos. La validación del instrumento se llevó a cabo mediante el uso del coeficiente de compensación de Pearson Rho, con un resultado positivo del 78%, indicando que el instrumento es apropiado para su implementación. Además, se llevó a cabo una prueba piloto para determinar la confiabilidad del instrumento mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, obteniendo un resultado del 82%, confirmando la confiabilidad del mismo. En relación con el conocimiento sobre la malaria, se encontró que el 80,8% de la población tenía un nivel alto, mientras que el 19,2% poseía un nivel medio, no identificándose ningún individuo con un nivel bajo de conocimiento. En cuanto a las actitudes, se observó que el 97,7% de los participantes exhibieron una actitud adecuada, mientras que solo el 2,3% demostró una actitud inadecuada hacia la malaria. Respecto a las prácticas, el 94,1% presentó prácticas adecuadas, mientras que el 5,9% mostró prácticas inadecuadas frente a la malaria. Mediante el empleo del test estadístico de chi cuadrado no paramétrico, se obtuvo un valor de p=0,000 para las actitudes, respaldando así la hipótesis propuesta. Esto sugiere una evaluación estadísticamente significativa entre el conocimiento y las actitudes hacia la malaria. Además, al correlacionar estos resultados con las prácticas, se identificó un valor de p=0,001, respaldando la hipótesis planteada y destacando una relación
Importante entre el conocimiento, las actitudes y las prácticas respecto a la malaria en la población estudiada.
The main purpose of this scientific research was to evaluate the level of understanding, disposition and behavior regarding malaria in the community of Rosa Mística del Varillal, located in the district of San Juan Bautista, during the year 2023. The design of the study was descriptive, applied, transversal, correlational and prospective. The sample included 219 individuals of both genders, and the methodology used was the application of surveys through a questionnaire designed to evaluate the degree of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The validation of the instrument was carried out by using the Pearson Rho compensation coefficient, with a positive result of 78%, indicating that the instrument is appropriate for implementation. In addition, a pilot test was carried out to determine the reliability of the instrument using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, obtaining a result of 82%, confirming its reliability. In relation to knowledge about malaria, it was found that 80.8% of the population had a high level, while 19.2% had a medium level, with no individual identified with a low level of knowledge. Regarding attitudes, it was observed that 97.7% of the participants exhibited an adequate attitude, while only 2.3% demonstrated an inadequate attitude towards malaria. Regarding practices, 94.1% presented adequate practices, while 5.9% showed inadequate practices against malaria. By using the non-parametric chi-square statistical test, a value of p=0.000 was obtained for attitudes, thus supporting the proposed hypothesis. This suggests a statistically significant assessment between knowledge and attitudes towards malaria. Furthermore, when correlating these results with practices, a value of p=0.001 was identified, supporting the proposed hypothesis and highlighting an important relationship between knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding malaria in the population studied.
The main purpose of this scientific research was to evaluate the level of understanding, disposition and behavior regarding malaria in the community of Rosa Mística del Varillal, located in the district of San Juan Bautista, during the year 2023. The design of the study was descriptive, applied, transversal, correlational and prospective. The sample included 219 individuals of both genders, and the methodology used was the application of surveys through a questionnaire designed to evaluate the degree of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The validation of the instrument was carried out by using the Pearson Rho compensation coefficient, with a positive result of 78%, indicating that the instrument is appropriate for implementation. In addition, a pilot test was carried out to determine the reliability of the instrument using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, obtaining a result of 82%, confirming its reliability. In relation to knowledge about malaria, it was found that 80.8% of the population had a high level, while 19.2% had a medium level, with no individual identified with a low level of knowledge. Regarding attitudes, it was observed that 97.7% of the participants exhibited an adequate attitude, while only 2.3% demonstrated an inadequate attitude towards malaria. Regarding practices, 94.1% presented adequate practices, while 5.9% showed inadequate practices against malaria. By using the non-parametric chi-square statistical test, a value of p=0.000 was obtained for attitudes, thus supporting the proposed hypothesis. This suggests a statistically significant assessment between knowledge and attitudes towards malaria. Furthermore, when correlating these results with practices, a value of p=0.001 was identified, supporting the proposed hypothesis and highlighting an important relationship between knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding malaria in the population studied.
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Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas, Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices
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