Evaluación del riesgo originados por un evento hidrometeorologico extremo en el sector de Bellavista – Nanay, distrito Punchana, Loreto, 2021
Date
2022-08-22
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación aplica la metodología del “Manual para la
evaluación de riesgos originados por Fenómenos Naturales” del
CENEPRED, el cual nos permitió: analizar parámetros de evaluación y
susceptibilidad (factores condicionantes y desencadenantes) del peligro
inundación; analizar la vulnerabilidad de elementos expuestos al
fenómeno en función a la fragilidad y resiliencia, determinar y zonificar los
niveles de riesgos del sector de Bellavista Nanay en el distrito de
Punchana. Se utilizó el Proceso de Análisis Jerárquico (1), donde se
prioriza los diferentes parámetros que intervienen en el peligro, siendo los
factores desencadenantes el nivel del río a una cota de 117.17 msnm o
una precipitación máxima diaria de 99 mm (equivalente al percentil 50 de
ambas variables), el cual afecta a más del 90% de la población objetivo.
Se ha determinado que un 78% de la población se encuentra vulnerable
“Vulnerabilidad económica y social” y se estimó que el 74% de la
población del sector Bellavista Nanay en el distrito de Punchana se
encuentran en el rango de riesgo ALTO a MUY ALTO, representa a una
población en extrema pobreza y con poca capacidad de resiliencia ante
un proceso de inundación. Se ubican en terrenos fluviales, es decir, cauce
del río Amazonas que ahora es cubierto por el río Itaya ante el
desplazamiento del mismo.
Con el PAJ, se ha estimado que un 9% de la población de Bellavista
Nanay y sus alrededores tiene alta Resiliencia y se encuentra dentro del
nivel de riesgo BAJO. Dentro de la vulnerabilidad económica se aprecia
que existe un 10% de la población del sector de Bellavista Nanay que
tiene alta Resiliencia, al ubicarse muy cercano al semidomo
(geológicamente favorable para construcciones), ubicados en la parte
más alta y con un poder económico que mitiga los impactos de cualquier
inundación.
This research applies the methodology of the "Manual for the evaluation risks caused by Natural Phenomena" of CENEPRED, allowed us to: analyze evaluation parameters and susceptibility (conditioning and triggering factors) of the flood hazard; analyze the vulnerability of elements exposed to the phenomenon based on fragility and resilience, determine and zone the risk levels of Bellavista Nanay sector, Punchana district. The Hierarchical Analysis Process (Saaty, 1990) was used, different parameters that intervene in the danger are prioritized, the triggering factors being the level of the river at a height of 117.17 m.a.s.l. or maximum daily rainfall of 99 mm (equivalent to percentile 50 of both variables), which affects more than 90% of population. It has been determined that 78% of the population is vulnerable "Economic and social vulnerability" and it was estimated that 74% of the population of the Bellavista Nanay sector in the district of Punchana are in the HIGH to VERY HIGH risk range. represents a population in extreme poverty and with little resilience in the face of a flood process. They are located on fluvial land, that is, the course of the Amazon River that is now covered by the Itaya River due to its displacement. With the AHP, it has been estimated that 9% of the population of Bellavista Nanay and its surroundings have high Resilience and are within the LOW risk level. Within the economic vulnerability, it can be seen that there is 10% population of Bellavista Nanay sector that has high Resilience, being located very close to the semi-dome (geologically favorable for construction), located in the highest part and with economic power that mitigates the impacts of any flooding.
This research applies the methodology of the "Manual for the evaluation risks caused by Natural Phenomena" of CENEPRED, allowed us to: analyze evaluation parameters and susceptibility (conditioning and triggering factors) of the flood hazard; analyze the vulnerability of elements exposed to the phenomenon based on fragility and resilience, determine and zone the risk levels of Bellavista Nanay sector, Punchana district. The Hierarchical Analysis Process (Saaty, 1990) was used, different parameters that intervene in the danger are prioritized, the triggering factors being the level of the river at a height of 117.17 m.a.s.l. or maximum daily rainfall of 99 mm (equivalent to percentile 50 of both variables), which affects more than 90% of population. It has been determined that 78% of the population is vulnerable "Economic and social vulnerability" and it was estimated that 74% of the population of the Bellavista Nanay sector in the district of Punchana are in the HIGH to VERY HIGH risk range. represents a population in extreme poverty and with little resilience in the face of a flood process. They are located on fluvial land, that is, the course of the Amazon River that is now covered by the Itaya River due to its displacement. With the AHP, it has been estimated that 9% of the population of Bellavista Nanay and its surroundings have high Resilience and are within the LOW risk level. Within the economic vulnerability, it can be seen that there is 10% population of Bellavista Nanay sector that has high Resilience, being located very close to the semi-dome (geologically favorable for construction), located in the highest part and with economic power that mitigates the impacts of any flooding.
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Keywords
Riesgo, Inundación, Bellavista-Nanay, AHJ, Resiliencia, Amazonas, Risk, Flood, Bellavista-Nanay, AHP, Resilience, Amazonas
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