Factores sociodemográficos y su relación con las prácticas de autocuidado del adulto mayor de un AA.HH. del distrito de San Juan Bautista - 2019
Date
2020-12-15
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
El envejecimiento es un proceso universal, singular, y heterogéneo con cambios en toda la unicidad del ser humano producidos por el paso del tiempo, influenciado por factores internos y externos un periodo normal del ciclo vital. Por ello es importante el autocuidado en los adultos mayores ya que le permite adoptar conductas para un envejecimiento con bienestar y satisfacción.
Objetivo: Determinar los factores sociodemográficos y su relación con las prácticas de autocuidado del adulto mayor en un AA.HH. del distrito de San Juan Bautista (Loreto, Perú). Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional a 98 adultos mayores. Se utilizó cuestionario factores sociodemográficos y encuesta escala de autocuidado para una vejez con bienestar. Se aplicó la prueba X2. Resultados: Edad promedio 66 años, 54 (55%) de 65 a 69 años; masculino 60 (61.2%); grado de instrucción secundaria 80 (82%); no tiene comorbilidad 85 (87%); red de apoyo privado 59 (60%); hábitos nocivos no tiene 68 (70%); 39 (40%) prácticas de autocuidado deficiente, 40 (41%) regular. En cuanto a los factores sociodemográficos mostraron relación estadística significativa con las prácticas de autocuidado con a=5%, gl=1, r=0-3,841; sexo (X2=0,226); comorbilidad (X2=0,253); grado de instrucción (X2=1,329); redes de apoyo (X2=0,000); hábitos nocivos (X2=1,528); edad (gl=96, t de student=0,364, r= 0-1,661). Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores presentaron práctica de autocuidado regular y deficiente, lo que dificulta el manejo de su salud y prevención de enfermedades, siendo un reto en el cuidado de enfermería el potenciar sus capacidades y ser agente de cambio para su propio cuidado.
Aging is a universal, singular and heterogeneous process with changes in all the uniqueness of the human being produced by the passage of time, influenced by internal and external factors, a normal period of the life cycle. For this reason, self-care is important in older adults since it allows them to adopt behaviors for an aging with well-being and satisfaction. Objective: To determine the sociodemographics related to self-care practices of the eldery in an AA.HH. from the San Juan Bautista district (Loreto, Peru). Quantitative, descriptive and correlational study to 98 older adults. Sociodemographic factors questionnaire and self-care scale survey were used. Test was applied. Results: Average age 66 years, 54 (55%) from 65 to 69 years; male 60 (61.2%); secondary education grade 80 (82%); 85 (87%) did not have comorbidity; private support network 59 (60%); harmful habits do not have 68 (70%); 39 (40%) poor self-care practices, 40 (41%) regular. Regarding sociodemographic factors, significal statistical relation with self-care practices with a=5%, gl=1, r=0-3,841; sex (X2=0,226); comorbidity (X2=0,253); educational level (X2=1,329); support networks(X2=0,000); harmful habits (X2=1,528); age (gl=96, t student=0,364, r=0- 1,661). Conclusions: Older adults practice regular and deficient self-care, which makes difficult to manage their health and prevent deseases, being a challange in the nursing care empowering their abilities and being an agent of change for their own care.
Aging is a universal, singular and heterogeneous process with changes in all the uniqueness of the human being produced by the passage of time, influenced by internal and external factors, a normal period of the life cycle. For this reason, self-care is important in older adults since it allows them to adopt behaviors for an aging with well-being and satisfaction. Objective: To determine the sociodemographics related to self-care practices of the eldery in an AA.HH. from the San Juan Bautista district (Loreto, Peru). Quantitative, descriptive and correlational study to 98 older adults. Sociodemographic factors questionnaire and self-care scale survey were used. Test was applied. Results: Average age 66 years, 54 (55%) from 65 to 69 years; male 60 (61.2%); secondary education grade 80 (82%); 85 (87%) did not have comorbidity; private support network 59 (60%); harmful habits do not have 68 (70%); 39 (40%) poor self-care practices, 40 (41%) regular. Regarding sociodemographic factors, significal statistical relation with self-care practices with a=5%, gl=1, r=0-3,841; sex (X2=0,226); comorbidity (X2=0,253); educational level (X2=1,329); support networks(X2=0,000); harmful habits (X2=1,528); age (gl=96, t student=0,364, r=0- 1,661). Conclusions: Older adults practice regular and deficient self-care, which makes difficult to manage their health and prevent deseases, being a challange in the nursing care empowering their abilities and being an agent of change for their own care.
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Keywords
Factores Sociodemográficos, Prácticas de autocuidados, Adulto Mayor, Sociodemographic factors, ,Self-care practices, Eldery
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