Propiedades del concreto (cemento-arena), obtenido a partir de arena de cantera fluvial - desembocadura del río tigre en río marañón, Perú - 2023
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Date
2025-03-03
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
En Iquitos y mayoría del territorio de la Región Loreto, casi exclusivamente se
emplea arenas blancas cuarzosas y arenas grises de los depósitos fluviales. En
varias investigaciones se constató que teóricamente esos agregados no son
idóneos para la producción de los concretos, sin embargo, no existe ninguna
alternativa viable. Por consiguiente, el conocimiento cómo se comportan los
agregados de la zona es vital para poder comprender su problemática y buscar
posibles soluciones. Práctica ingenieril demuestra que, aunque estos agregados
no cumplen con las especificaciones técnicas, si se emplean en la construcción.
De manera tal que el objetivo principal de la investigación es conocer las
propiedades físicas y mecánicas del concreto (cemento-arena) con arena de
cantera fluvial de la desembocadura del Río Tigre en el Río Marañón. Teniendo
como problema general, ¿Cuáles son las propiedades físicas y mecánicas del
concreto (cemento-arena) con arena de cantera fluvial de la desembocadura del
Río Tigre en el Río Marañón?
Inicialmente, se llevaron a cabo los ensayos para determinar las propiedades
físicas de los agregados. Luego, se elaboraron los diseños de mezcla para el
concreto utilizando tres diferentes relaciones agua/cemento: 0.58, 0.63 y 0.69.
Por último, se efectuaron pruebas tanto en el estado fresco como en el
endurecido. Los datos recolectados correspondieron a un periodo de 28 días.
Finalmente, del análisis de los resultados de las propiedades del concreto en
estado endurecido se observó una tendencia de incremento de resistencia a la
compresión a los 28 días de los testigos, la resistencia a la compresión obtenida
para la relación a/c de 0.58 respectivamente para los 7, 14, y 28 días resultaron
las siguientes: 249, 309 y 333 Kg/cm2. Para la relación a/c de 0.63
respectivamente para los 7, 14, y 28 días resultaron las siguientes: 217, 261 y
274 Kg/cm2. Y la resistencia a la compresión obtenida para la relación a/c de
0.69 respectivamente para los 7, 14, y 28 días resultaron las siguientes: 173, 222
y 234 Kg/cm2. De esto podemos observar que a mayor relación a/c, la resistencia
xv
a la compresión serán menores. Pese a realizar los ensayos con agregado fino
marginal se obtuvieron resultados favorables, en cuanto a la producción se
observa que podemos obtener agregados aceptables dentro de determinados
límites.
In Iquitos and most of the territory of the Loreto Region, almost exclusively white quartz sands and gray sands from river deposits are used. In several investigations it was found that theoretically these aggregates are not suitable for the production of concrete, however, there is no viable alternative. Therefore, knowledge of how the aggregates in the area behave is vital in order to understand the problems and seek possible solutions. Engineering practice shows that, although these aggregates do not meet technical specifications, they are used in construction. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to know the physical and mechanical properties of concrete (cement-sand) with fluvial quarry sand from the mouth of the Tigre River in the Marañon River. Having as a general problem, what are the physical and mechanical properties of concrete (cement-sand) with fluvial quarry sand from the mouth of the Tigre River in the Marañon River? Finally, from the analysis of the results of the properties of the concrete in the hardened state, a trend of increase in compressive strength was observed at 28 days for the cores. The compressive strength obtained for the w/c ratio of 0.58 respectively for 7, 14, and 28 days were the following: 249, 309 and 333 Kg/cm2. For the w/c ratio of 0.63 respectively for 7, 14, and 28 days, the results were as follows: 217, 261 and 274 Kg/cm2. And the compressive strength obtained for the w/c ratio of 0.69 respectively for 7, 14, and 28 days were as follows: 173, 222 and 234 Kg/cm2. From this we can observe that the higher the w/c ratio, the lower the compressive strength. In spite of carrying out the tests with marginal fine aggregate, favorable results were obtained, in terms of production it is observed that we can obtain acceptable aggregates within certain limits. The first tests to be carried out were those to determine the physical properties of the aggregates; then the mix designs were made for the concrete with three different w/c ratios of 0.58, 0.63 and 0.69; finally, the tests were carried out in the fresh and hardened state. The data obtained were carried out for 28 days.
In Iquitos and most of the territory of the Loreto Region, almost exclusively white quartz sands and gray sands from river deposits are used. In several investigations it was found that theoretically these aggregates are not suitable for the production of concrete, however, there is no viable alternative. Therefore, knowledge of how the aggregates in the area behave is vital in order to understand the problems and seek possible solutions. Engineering practice shows that, although these aggregates do not meet technical specifications, they are used in construction. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to know the physical and mechanical properties of concrete (cement-sand) with fluvial quarry sand from the mouth of the Tigre River in the Marañon River. Having as a general problem, what are the physical and mechanical properties of concrete (cement-sand) with fluvial quarry sand from the mouth of the Tigre River in the Marañon River? Finally, from the analysis of the results of the properties of the concrete in the hardened state, a trend of increase in compressive strength was observed at 28 days for the cores. The compressive strength obtained for the w/c ratio of 0.58 respectively for 7, 14, and 28 days were the following: 249, 309 and 333 Kg/cm2. For the w/c ratio of 0.63 respectively for 7, 14, and 28 days, the results were as follows: 217, 261 and 274 Kg/cm2. And the compressive strength obtained for the w/c ratio of 0.69 respectively for 7, 14, and 28 days were as follows: 173, 222 and 234 Kg/cm2. From this we can observe that the higher the w/c ratio, the lower the compressive strength. In spite of carrying out the tests with marginal fine aggregate, favorable results were obtained, in terms of production it is observed that we can obtain acceptable aggregates within certain limits. The first tests to be carried out were those to determine the physical properties of the aggregates; then the mix designs were made for the concrete with three different w/c ratios of 0.58, 0.63 and 0.69; finally, the tests were carried out in the fresh and hardened state. The data obtained were carried out for 28 days.
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Keywords
Agregado fino marginal, Propiedades mecánicas del concreto, Concreto cemento – arena, Cemento Portland Tipo GU, Resistencia a la compresión del concreto, Marginal fine aggregate, Mechanical properties of concrete, Cement-sand concrete, Type GU Portland cement, Compressive strength of concrete
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