La cuestión del referéndum en el proceso de aprobación de la reforma parcial de la constitución de 1993
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2024-11-06
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
El propósito de esta investigación es determinar si el requisito del referéndum en el proceso de reformas parciales a la Constitución de 1993 es consistente con los principios que guían nuestro estado de derecho y si también asegura la estabilidad jurídica y la perdurabilidad de la Constitución. La línea argumentativa se basa en la doctrina, esencialmente en la jurisprudencia de los países de la commonwealth; también analizamos el método parlamentario adoptado por la mayoría congresal para decidir si es aceptable para la perdurabilidad de la constitución.
El referéndum es uno de los procesos que la Constitución peruana establece para modificar y/o reformar la Carta Magna. El artículo 206 de la Constitución señala que "Toda reforma constitucional debe ser aprobada por el Congreso con mayoría absoluta del número legal de sus miembros, y ratificada mediante referéndum."
Lo cual indica, que cualquier iniciativa de reforma constitucional debe primero ser aprobada por el Congreso con al menos 66 votos de los 130 congresistas. Luego, dicha reforma debe ser aprobada a un referéndum a nivel nacional, Puede omitirse el referéndum cuando el acuerdo del Congreso se obtiene en dos legislaturas ordinarias sucesivas con una votación favorable, en cada caso, superior a los dos tercios del número legal de congresistas. La ley de reforma constitucional no puede ser observada por el Presidente de la República.
La iniciativa de reforma constitucional corresponde al Presidente de la República, con aprobación del Consejo de Ministros; a los congresistas; y a un número de ciudadanos equivalente al cero punto tres por ciento (0.3%) de la población electoral, con
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firmas comprobadas por la autoridad electoral. donde la población vota si aprueba o rechaza los cambios propuestos.
El referéndum constitucional es, por lo tanto, un mecanismo de democracia directa cuya finalidad es conceder a la ciudadanía la última palabra sobre reformas fundamentales al ordenamiento jurídico del país. Es un proceso que requiere la participación no solo del Poder Legislativo, sino también de la voluntad popular expresada a través del voto. Cabe mencionar, que el referéndum constitucional en Perú ha sido utilizado en varias ocasiones, como por ejemplo para la aprobación de la Constitución de 1993 y algunas reformas posteriores. Es un tema de gran relevancia en el debate político y jurídico peruano.
Sin embargo, tenemos dudas, como, por ejemplo, ¿La cláusula restrictiva para reformar la Constitución puede ser eliminada? ¿El Estado garantiza la participación democrática para reformar la constitución? ¿La Constitución de 1993 permite la participación de diversos sujetos en el proceso de reformas parciales de la constitución? ¿Las reformas parciales a la constitución de 1993 afectan la perdurabilidad de la constitución, la estabilidad jurídica? Estas dudas intentamos dilucidar en el presente trabajo de investigación.
The purpose of this investigation is to determine if the referendum requirement in the process of partial reforms to the 1993 Constitution is consistent with the principles that guide our rule of law and if it also ensures the legal stability and durability of the Constitution. The line of argument is based on doctrine, essentially on the jurisprudence of the commonwealth countries; We also analyze the parliamentary method adopted by the congressional majority to decide whether it is acceptable for the durability of the constitution. The referendum is one of the processes that the Peruvian Constitution establishes to modify and/or reform the Magna Carta. Article 206 of the Constitution states that "Any constitutional reform must be approved by Congress with an absolute majority of the legal number of its members, and ratified by referendum." Which indicates that any constitutional reform initiative must first be approved by Congress with at least 66 votes of the 130 congressional representatives. Then, said reform must be approved in a referendum at the national level. The referendum may be omitted when the agreement of Congress is obtained in two successive ordinary legislatures with a favorable vote, in each case, greater than two-thirds of the legal number of congressional representatives. The constitutional reform law cannot be observed by the President of the Republic. The initiative for constitutional reform corresponds to the President of the Republic, with approval of the Council of Ministers; to the congressional representatives; and to a number of citizens equivalent to zero point three percent (0.3%) of the electoral 15 population, with signatures verified by the electoral authority. where the population votes whether to approve or reject the proposed changes. The constitutional referendum is, therefore, a mechanism of direct democracy whose purpose is to grant citizens the last word on fundamental reforms to the country's legal system. It is a process that requires the participation not only of the Legislative Branch, but also of the popular will expressed through voting. It is worth mentioning that the constitutional referendum in Peru has been used on several occasions, such as for the approval of the 1993 Constitution and some subsequent reforms. It is a topic of great relevance in the Peruvian political and legal debate. However, we have doubts, such as; can the restrictive clause to reform the Constitution be eliminated? Does the State guarantee democratic participation to reform the constitution? Does the 1993 Constitution allow the participation of various subjects in the process of partial reforms of the constitution? Do the partial reforms to the 1993 constitution affect the durability of the constitution, legal stability? We try to clarify these doubts in this research work.
The purpose of this investigation is to determine if the referendum requirement in the process of partial reforms to the 1993 Constitution is consistent with the principles that guide our rule of law and if it also ensures the legal stability and durability of the Constitution. The line of argument is based on doctrine, essentially on the jurisprudence of the commonwealth countries; We also analyze the parliamentary method adopted by the congressional majority to decide whether it is acceptable for the durability of the constitution. The referendum is one of the processes that the Peruvian Constitution establishes to modify and/or reform the Magna Carta. Article 206 of the Constitution states that "Any constitutional reform must be approved by Congress with an absolute majority of the legal number of its members, and ratified by referendum." Which indicates that any constitutional reform initiative must first be approved by Congress with at least 66 votes of the 130 congressional representatives. Then, said reform must be approved in a referendum at the national level. The referendum may be omitted when the agreement of Congress is obtained in two successive ordinary legislatures with a favorable vote, in each case, greater than two-thirds of the legal number of congressional representatives. The constitutional reform law cannot be observed by the President of the Republic. The initiative for constitutional reform corresponds to the President of the Republic, with approval of the Council of Ministers; to the congressional representatives; and to a number of citizens equivalent to zero point three percent (0.3%) of the electoral 15 population, with signatures verified by the electoral authority. where the population votes whether to approve or reject the proposed changes. The constitutional referendum is, therefore, a mechanism of direct democracy whose purpose is to grant citizens the last word on fundamental reforms to the country's legal system. It is a process that requires the participation not only of the Legislative Branch, but also of the popular will expressed through voting. It is worth mentioning that the constitutional referendum in Peru has been used on several occasions, such as for the approval of the 1993 Constitution and some subsequent reforms. It is a topic of great relevance in the Peruvian political and legal debate. However, we have doubts, such as; can the restrictive clause to reform the Constitution be eliminated? Does the State guarantee democratic participation to reform the constitution? Does the 1993 Constitution allow the participation of various subjects in the process of partial reforms of the constitution? Do the partial reforms to the 1993 constitution affect the durability of the constitution, legal stability? We try to clarify these doubts in this research work.
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Derecho constitucional, Reforma constitucional, Cláusula restrictiva, Estabilidad jurídica, Constitutional law, Constitutional reform, Restrictive clause, Legal stability
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