Prevalencia de anemia en niños de 3 a 5 años del Centro de Educación Inicial mi primer aprendizaje Nº 344 - Punchana - 2022
Date
2023-02-27
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
La anemia en niños sigue siendo un grave problema de salud pública en
nuestro país. La mayoría de casos se asocian al consumo inadecuado de
hierro y de otros micronutrientes en los alimentos. La anemia es una
enfermedad que puede afectar el desarrollo psicomotor de los niños. Este
factor impide el buen funcionamiento de los diferentes sistemas que se
encuentran en desarrollo, lo que origina problemas para un adecuado
rendimiento académico escolar, físico y mental.
Esta investigación se realiza con el objetivo de conocer la prevalencia de
anemia en niños en edad preescolar y así constatar la información
registrada en los datos estadísticos nacionales esperando tomar conciencia
de las autoridades de salud para tomar medidas sobre los hallazgos que se
encuentre.
Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo,
transversal y retrospectivo; con la finalidad de conocer cuál es la
prevalencia de anemia en niños en edad preescolar del Centro de
Educación Inicial “Mi primer Aprendizaje” N° 344 - Punchana.
Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de anemia en niños en edad
preescolar de 28,1 % siendo la mayor cantidad de casos de anemia leve
(23,4%). El sexo masculino presentó la mayor cantidad de casos de
anemia y representan el 66,7 % de los casos de anemia; además de
encontró que los niños de 3 años fueron quienes presentaron mayor
prevalencia de anemia con 35,0 %, en cuanto a la procedencia se encontró
que en la zona urbana hubo mayor prevalencia de anemia con 35,5 %
mientras que en los niños de procedencia urbano marginal se encontró
una prevalencia de 21,2 % de anemia.
Anemia in children continues to be a serious public health problem in our country. Most cases are associated with inadequate consumption of iron and other micronutrients in food. Anemia is a disease that can affect the psychomotor development of children. This factor prevents the proper functioning of the different systems that are in development, which causes problems for an adequate school academic, physical and mental performance. This research is carried out with the objective of knowing the prevalence of anemia in preschool-age children and thus verifying the information registered in the national statistical data, hoping to become aware of the health authorities to take action on the findings that are found. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was developed; in order to know the prevalence of anemia in preschool children of the Initial Education Center "My first Learning" No. 344 – Punchana. Results: A prevalence of anemia in preschool children of 28.1% was found, with the highest number of cases of mild anemia (23.4%). The male sex presented the greatest number of cases of anemia and represented 66.7% of the cases of anemia; In addition, it was found that 3-year-old children were the ones who presented the highest prevalence of anemia with 35.0%, in terms of origin it was found that in the urban area there was a higher prevalence of anemia with 35.5% while in children of marginal urban origin, a prevalence of 21.2% of anemia was found.
Anemia in children continues to be a serious public health problem in our country. Most cases are associated with inadequate consumption of iron and other micronutrients in food. Anemia is a disease that can affect the psychomotor development of children. This factor prevents the proper functioning of the different systems that are in development, which causes problems for an adequate school academic, physical and mental performance. This research is carried out with the objective of knowing the prevalence of anemia in preschool-age children and thus verifying the information registered in the national statistical data, hoping to become aware of the health authorities to take action on the findings that are found. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was developed; in order to know the prevalence of anemia in preschool children of the Initial Education Center "My first Learning" No. 344 – Punchana. Results: A prevalence of anemia in preschool children of 28.1% was found, with the highest number of cases of mild anemia (23.4%). The male sex presented the greatest number of cases of anemia and represented 66.7% of the cases of anemia; In addition, it was found that 3-year-old children were the ones who presented the highest prevalence of anemia with 35.0%, in terms of origin it was found that in the urban area there was a higher prevalence of anemia with 35.5% while in children of marginal urban origin, a prevalence of 21.2% of anemia was found.
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Keywords
Anemia, Niños en edad preescolar, Prevalencia, Anemia, Preschool children, Prevalence
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