Legalización del uso de armas de fuego para el personal de serenazgo de la municipalidad distrital de San Juan-2025
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2025-12-19
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio de investigación busca la examinación de la posibilidad constitucional y legal que el personal de Serenazgo de la Municipalidad Distrital de San Juan pueda ser armado, como respuesta al notable aumento en el 60% en la delincuencia y la exposición y vulnerabilidad de su personal.
A través de una metodología cualitativa de nivel explicativo, en donde de una el análisis dogmático de fuentes legales y jurisprudenciales junto con una investigación comparada de modelos internacionales y entrevistas a actores locales. El estudio de investigación evidencia la inviabilidad constitucional de la propuesta. Los resultados obtenidos, evidencian que esta medida contraviene el principio de legalidad, la reserva de ley en materia de uso de la fuerza y la naturaleza principalmente preventiva del Serenazgo, estipulada en la Ley N° 27933.
Como conclusión se tiene que, lejos de ser una solución, el permiso para portar armas de fuego generaría un exceso en el marco competencial municipal. La alternativa que sea constitucionalmente viable y estratégicamente superior se basa en el refuerzo de la coordinación operativa junto con la PNP, además de profesionalizar al Serenazgo con diversas capacitaciones en derechos humanos y mediación, y equiparlo con herramientas no letales y con tecnología de vigilancia, salvaguardando de tal manera su carácter preventivo dentro del ordenamiento jurídico vigente.
This research study examines the constitutional and legal feasibility of arming the security personnel of the San Juan District Municipality, in response to a significant 60% increase in crime and the resulting exposure and vulnerability of its staff. Through a qualitative methodology at an explanatory level, combining a dogmatic analysis of legal and jurisprudential sources with a comparative investigation of international models and interviews with local stakeholders, the research study demonstrates the constitutional unfeasibility of the proposed measure. The results show that this measure contravenes the principle of legality, the legal reserve regarding the use of force, and the primarily preventive nature of the Serenazgo (municipal security force), as stipulated in Law No. 27933. In conclusion, far from being a solution, permitting the carrying of firearms would create an overreach of municipal authority. The constitutionally viable and strategically superior alternative lies in strengthening operational coordination with the National Police, professionalizing the municipal security force (Serenazgo) through training in human rights and mediation, and equipping it with non-lethal weapons and surveillance technology, thereby safeguarding its preventative role within the current legal framework.
This research study examines the constitutional and legal feasibility of arming the security personnel of the San Juan District Municipality, in response to a significant 60% increase in crime and the resulting exposure and vulnerability of its staff. Through a qualitative methodology at an explanatory level, combining a dogmatic analysis of legal and jurisprudential sources with a comparative investigation of international models and interviews with local stakeholders, the research study demonstrates the constitutional unfeasibility of the proposed measure. The results show that this measure contravenes the principle of legality, the legal reserve regarding the use of force, and the primarily preventive nature of the Serenazgo (municipal security force), as stipulated in Law No. 27933. In conclusion, far from being a solution, permitting the carrying of firearms would create an overreach of municipal authority. The constitutionally viable and strategically superior alternative lies in strengthening operational coordination with the National Police, professionalizing the municipal security force (Serenazgo) through training in human rights and mediation, and equipping it with non-lethal weapons and surveillance technology, thereby safeguarding its preventative role within the current legal framework.
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Keywords
Seguridad ciudadana, Serenazgo, armas de fuego, Monopolio estatal de la fuerza, Competencias municipales, Derechos fundamentales, Proporcionalidad, Policía Nacional del Perú, Modelo híbrido, Viabilidad constitucional, Citizen security, Serenazgo, Firearms, State monopoly on the use of force, Municipal competencies, Fundamental rights, Proportionality, National Police of Peru, Hybrid model, Constitutional viability
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