Autoestima y depresión en estudiantes de la facultad de industrias alimentarias de una universidad pública del distrito de San Juan Baustista, Región Loreto, Perú – 2025
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2026-03-27
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el nivel de autoestima y la depresión en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias de una universidad pública del distrito de San Juan Bautista, región Loreto, Perú, en el año 2025. Se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo básico, diseño no experimental de corte transversal y correlacional. La muestra estuvo representada por 163 estudiantes, seleccionados mediante uso del muestreo censal. Los instrumentos utilizados para el recojo de información fueron la Escala de Autoestima de Coopersmith (1967) y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-II), ambos instrumentos adaptados a la realidad peruana y con adecuados índices de validez y confiabilidad.
Se tuvo como resultado descriptivo, que la mayoría de los estudiantes presentó autoestima promedio (49.1%) o alta (31.9%), y presencia de depresión mínima (59.5%) o leve (20.2%), el cual reflejó adecuado estado emocional general. Sin embargo, en el análisis inferencial mediante la correlación de Spearman (ρ = –0.540; p < .001) se evidenció una relación negativa y significativa entre ambas variables, el cual confirma que, a mayor autoestima, menores niveles de depresión. Por otr lado, las pruebas no paramétricas de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis demostraron diferencias significativas en el sexo, edad y el ciclo académico, evidenciando, que las mujeres y los estudiantes de los primeros ciclos académicos mostraron mayor vulnerabilidad emocional.
This research study aimed to determine the relationship between self-esteem and depression among students in the Faculty of Food Industries at a public university in the district of San Juan Bautista, Loreto region, Peru, in 2025. A quantitative, basic, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 163 students, selected using census sampling. The instruments used for data collection were the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale (1967) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), both adapted to the Peruvian context and with adequate validity and reliability indices. The descriptive results showed that the majority of students presented average (49.1%) or high (31.9%) self-esteem, and minimal (59.5%) or mild (20.2%) depression, reflecting an adequate overall emotional state. However, the inferential analysis using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ = –0.540; p < .001) revealed a significant negative relationship between the two variables, confirming that higher self-esteem is associated with lower levels of depression. Furthermore, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests demonstrated significant differences based on sex, age, and academic year, showing that women and students in the first years of their studies exhibited greater emotional vulnerability. In conclusion, the general research hypothesis was confirmed, demonstrating a significant inverse relationship between self-esteem and depression. It was concluded that self-esteem plays an important protective role against depression, promoting emotional stability, temporary academic adjustment, resilience, and the use of personal coping resources. Finally, it is recommended that university mental health programs be promoted and strengthened from a preventative perspective to foster self-esteem, emotional regulation, and effective psychological coping, especially among groups at higher risk.
This research study aimed to determine the relationship between self-esteem and depression among students in the Faculty of Food Industries at a public university in the district of San Juan Bautista, Loreto region, Peru, in 2025. A quantitative, basic, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 163 students, selected using census sampling. The instruments used for data collection were the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale (1967) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), both adapted to the Peruvian context and with adequate validity and reliability indices. The descriptive results showed that the majority of students presented average (49.1%) or high (31.9%) self-esteem, and minimal (59.5%) or mild (20.2%) depression, reflecting an adequate overall emotional state. However, the inferential analysis using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ = –0.540; p < .001) revealed a significant negative relationship between the two variables, confirming that higher self-esteem is associated with lower levels of depression. Furthermore, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests demonstrated significant differences based on sex, age, and academic year, showing that women and students in the first years of their studies exhibited greater emotional vulnerability. In conclusion, the general research hypothesis was confirmed, demonstrating a significant inverse relationship between self-esteem and depression. It was concluded that self-esteem plays an important protective role against depression, promoting emotional stability, temporary academic adjustment, resilience, and the use of personal coping resources. Finally, it is recommended that university mental health programs be promoted and strengthened from a preventative perspective to foster self-esteem, emotional regulation, and effective psychological coping, especially among groups at higher risk.
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Autoestima, Depresión, Estudiantes universitarios, Salud mental, Bienestar emocional, Self-esteem, Depression, University students, Mental health, Emotional well-being
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