Prevención de riesgos laborales y plan de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en obra instalación del sistema de alcantarillado de aguas pluviales, AA.HH. Bella Luz – San Juan Bautista – Maynas – Loreto
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Date
2025-12-04
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis tiene como propósito identificar los peligros existentes en la obra: “Instalación del sistema de alcantarillado de aguas pluviales en el AA.HH. Bella Luz, distrito de San Juan Bautista, provincia de Maynas, región Loreto”, y establecer un plan integral de prevención de riesgos laborales en el contexto del Sistema de Gestión de la SST, además de evaluar su efectividad en la obra. Para el desarrollo del estudio se utilizó una metodología de tipo correlacional, con un enfoque cuantitativo, que permitió efectuar un diagnóstico situacional, definiendo las circunstancias laborales iniciales en obra, seguido de una evaluación técnica de riesgos mediante la elaboración de la Matriz de Identificación de Peligros, Evaluación de Riesgos y Controles - IPERC. A partir de esta evaluación se identificaron peligros relevantes y característicos del proceso constructivo asociados a actividades de alto riesgo como las excavaciones profundas, manipulación y traslado de materiales pesados, trabajos en espacios confinados y operación de maquinaria pesada. En atención a dichos hallazgos, se formuló un Plan de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo. Este plan incluye medidas técnicas, organizativas y de capacitación. Su propósito principal es reducir la exposición a peligros, prevenir accidentes laborales y promover una cultura de seguridad basada en el comportamiento seguro. Dicho plan se elaboró en cumplimiento de la Ley N.º 29783, Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, su reglamento aprobado mediante Decreto Supremo N.º 005-2012-TR y demás normas complementarias. Los resultados obtenidos son notables en el contexto de obras de saneamiento realizadas en la Amazonía del Perú, ya que el clima, el terreno y las condiciones de trabajo hacen que cuidar la seguridad y la salud de los trabajadores sea todo un reto.
The purpose of this thesis is to identify the hazards present in the project: “Installation of a storm sewer system in the Bella Luz neighborhood, San Juan Bautista district, Maynas province, Loreto region,” and to establish a comprehensive occupational risk prevention plan within the context of the OSH Management System, in addition to evaluating its effectiveness in the project. A correlational methodology with a quantitative approach was used to carry out the study, which allowed for a situational diagnosis to be made, defining the initial working conditions on site, followed by a technical risk assessment using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control Matrix (IPERC). Based on this assessment, relevant and characteristic hazards of the construction process associated with high-risk activities such as deep excavations, handling and moving heavy materials, working in confined spaces, and operating heavy machinery were identified. In response to these findings, an Occupational Health and Safety Plan was developed. This plan includes technical, organizational, and training measures. Its main purpose is to reduce exposure to hazards, prevent workplace accidents, and promote a safety culture based on safe behavior. This plan was developed in compliance with Law No. 29783, the Occupational Health and Safety Law, its regulations approved by Supreme Decree No. 005-2012-TR, and other complementary regulations. The results obtained are remarkable in the context of sanitation works carried out in the Peruvian Amazon, where the climate, terrain, and working conditions make ensuring the safety and health of workers a real challenge.
The purpose of this thesis is to identify the hazards present in the project: “Installation of a storm sewer system in the Bella Luz neighborhood, San Juan Bautista district, Maynas province, Loreto region,” and to establish a comprehensive occupational risk prevention plan within the context of the OSH Management System, in addition to evaluating its effectiveness in the project. A correlational methodology with a quantitative approach was used to carry out the study, which allowed for a situational diagnosis to be made, defining the initial working conditions on site, followed by a technical risk assessment using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control Matrix (IPERC). Based on this assessment, relevant and characteristic hazards of the construction process associated with high-risk activities such as deep excavations, handling and moving heavy materials, working in confined spaces, and operating heavy machinery were identified. In response to these findings, an Occupational Health and Safety Plan was developed. This plan includes technical, organizational, and training measures. Its main purpose is to reduce exposure to hazards, prevent workplace accidents, and promote a safety culture based on safe behavior. This plan was developed in compliance with Law No. 29783, the Occupational Health and Safety Law, its regulations approved by Supreme Decree No. 005-2012-TR, and other complementary regulations. The results obtained are remarkable in the context of sanitation works carried out in the Peruvian Amazon, where the climate, terrain, and working conditions make ensuring the safety and health of workers a real challenge.
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Keywords
Identificar los peligros, Diagnóstico situacional, Evaluación de riesgos, Alto riesgo, Espacio confinado, Seguridad y salud en el trabajo, Identifying hazards, Situational diagnosis, Risk assessment, High risk, Confined space, Occupational safety and health