Conocimientos y prácticas preventivas de leptospirosis en pobladores del caserío puerto almendra 2024
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2025-03-20
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
El estudio sobre las medidas preventivas contra la leptospirosis podría
contribuir a reducir la prevalencia de la enfermedad en áreas cercanas a los
ríos, donde las personas están más expuestas debido a actividades como
bañarse, lavar ropa, utensilios y trabajar en la agricultura. El objetivo fue
evaluar los niveles que puede presentar en los siguientes criterios como el
conocimiento y asimismo las prácticas preventivas sobre la leptospirosis en
los habitantes del caserío Puerto Almendra, San Juan Bautista, en 2024. Se
trabajó con una muestra de 220 pobladores, a quienes se les aplicó un
cuestionario y una guía de observación, utilizando el software SPSS versión
N°25 para el análisis de los datos. Los resultados mostraron que la edad
promedio de los participantes fue de 43,3 años, con una distribución equitativa
entre ambos sexos. El 56,4% de los encuestados tenía estudios secundarios,
el 65,9% eran convivientes o casados, y el 45,5% trabajaban como amas de
casa. Un 34,1% eran trabajadores independientes, y un 17,7% se dedicaban
a la agricultura. En cuanto al conocimiento sobre leptospirosis, el 68,6%
presentó un nivel medio, el 23,6% un rango bajo y el 7,7% alcanzó un rango
alto. En cuanto a las prácticas de prevención, el 82,3% realizó prácticas
favorables, mientras que el 17,7% adoptó prácticas desfavorables. Al aplicar
la prueba no paramétrica de (chi cuadrado), se obtuvo un valor p = 0,018, que
ha permitido aceptar la conjetura planteada, indicando una solución
estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de conocimiento y las prácticas
preventivas sobre la leptospirosis.
The study on preventive measures against leptospirosis could contribute to reducing the prevalence of the disease in areas near rivers, where people are more exposed due to activities such as bathing, washing clothes, utensils and working in agriculture. The objective was to evaluate the levels that the following criteria may present, such as knowledge and also preventive practices regarding leptospirosis in the inhabitants of the Puerto Almendra hamlet, San Juan Bautista, in 2024. We worked with a sample of 220 residents, who A questionnaire and an observation guide were applied, using SPSS software version No. 25 for data analysis. The results showed that the average age of the participants was 43.3 years, with an equal distribution between both sexes. 56.4% of those surveyed had secondary education, 65.9% were cohabiting or married, and 45.5% worked as housewives. 34.1% were selfemployed, and 17.7% were dedicated to agriculture. Regarding knowledge about leptospirosis, 68.6% presented a medium level, 23.6% a low range and 7.7% reached a high range. Regarding prevention practices, 82.3% carried out favorable practices, while 17.7% adopted unfavorable practices. By applying the non-parametric test (chi square), a p value = 0.018 was obtained, which allowed us to accept the proposed conjecture, indicating a statistically significant solution between the level of knowledge and preventive practices regarding leptospirosis.
The study on preventive measures against leptospirosis could contribute to reducing the prevalence of the disease in areas near rivers, where people are more exposed due to activities such as bathing, washing clothes, utensils and working in agriculture. The objective was to evaluate the levels that the following criteria may present, such as knowledge and also preventive practices regarding leptospirosis in the inhabitants of the Puerto Almendra hamlet, San Juan Bautista, in 2024. We worked with a sample of 220 residents, who A questionnaire and an observation guide were applied, using SPSS software version No. 25 for data analysis. The results showed that the average age of the participants was 43.3 years, with an equal distribution between both sexes. 56.4% of those surveyed had secondary education, 65.9% were cohabiting or married, and 45.5% worked as housewives. 34.1% were selfemployed, and 17.7% were dedicated to agriculture. Regarding knowledge about leptospirosis, 68.6% presented a medium level, 23.6% a low range and 7.7% reached a high range. Regarding prevention practices, 82.3% carried out favorable practices, while 17.7% adopted unfavorable practices. By applying the non-parametric test (chi square), a p value = 0.018 was obtained, which allowed us to accept the proposed conjecture, indicating a statistically significant solution between the level of knowledge and preventive practices regarding leptospirosis.
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Conocimiento, Prácticas, Leptospirosis, Knowledge, Practices, Leptospirosis
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