Accesibilidad al fondo de apoyo empresarial a las Mype (Fae-Mype) en la región Loreto, periodo 2020 - 2021
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2025-04-24
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
Este estudio se enfocó en analizar cómo las micro y pequeñas empresas (MYPES) de la región Loreto accedieron al Fondo de Apoyo Empresarial (FAE-Mype) durante los años 2020 y 2021, un programa diseñado por el gobierno para enfrentar el impacto económico de la pandemia de COVID-19. Este fondo buscaba garantizar créditos para que las empresas pudieran financiar su capital de trabajo y reestructurar deudas, con el objetivo de sostener sus operaciones en medio de la crisis. Sin embargo, los resultados muestran que la distribución de estos recursos no fue equitativa. A pesar de que Loreto fue una de las regiones más afectadas económicamente, con una caída del 9.92% en su PBI durante 2020, solo recibió el 1.41% del total de créditos otorgados a nivel nacional. Además, sectores como manufactura, transporte y alojamiento, que sufrieron los mayores impactos de la crisis, no recibieron un apoyo proporcional. En cambio, el sector comercio acaparó más del 70% de los fondos entregados en la región. La investigación utilizó un enfoque descriptivo y trabajó con datos de los años 2020 y 2021 para analizar la distribución de los recursos, las instituciones financieras involucradas y los sectores económicos beneficiados. Se identificó que grandes entidades financieras nacionales lideraron la entrega de créditos, mientras que las microfinancieras locales, que tienen un contacto más cercano con las MYPES, tuvieron una participación limitada. Se concluye que las MYPES de Loreto enfrentaron barreras significativas para acceder a los recursos del FAE-Mype, lo que afectó su capacidad para recuperarse económicamente. Esto pone en evidencia la necesidad de ajustar los criterios de asignación del fondo, priorizando las regiones y sectores más vulnerables, además de fortalecer las microfinancieras locales para que estas puedan atender mejor a las empresas más pequeñas y en zonas remotas. Con estos ajustes, sería posible lograr un impacto más justo y efectivo en la reactivación económica de Loreto.
This study analyzes the accessibility of the Business Support Fund for Micro and Small Enterprises (FAE-Mype) in the Loreto region during 2020-2021. The fund was created as a public policy measure to mitigate the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing credit guarantees for working capital and debt restructuring. The research highlights significant disparities in the allocation of resources, as Loreto, one of the most economically affected regions with a GDP decline of 9.92% in 2020, received only 1.41% of the total credits granted nationwide. Furthermore, key sectors such as manufacturing, transportation, and accommodation, which suffered the most significant impacts, did not receive proportional support. Instead, the commerce sector concentrated over 70% of the allocated resources. The methodology employed was descriptive and non-experimental, utilizing historical data from 2020 and 2021 to analyze the distribution of resources, the participation of financial institutions, and the targeted economic sectors. Findings reveal that large national financial entities dominated the distribution process, while local microfinance institutions had limited involvement, restricting accessibility for smaller and more remote enterprises. The study concludes that the FAE-Mype resources were not equitably distributed in Loreto, limiting the economic recovery of micro and small enterprises in the region. Recommendations include revising allocation criteria to prioritize regions and sectors most affected by the pandemic and strengthening local financial institutions to ensure a more inclusive distribution of resources. These measures would enhance the impact of the 4 fund and contribute to a more equitable and effective economic recovery in Loreto.
This study analyzes the accessibility of the Business Support Fund for Micro and Small Enterprises (FAE-Mype) in the Loreto region during 2020-2021. The fund was created as a public policy measure to mitigate the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing credit guarantees for working capital and debt restructuring. The research highlights significant disparities in the allocation of resources, as Loreto, one of the most economically affected regions with a GDP decline of 9.92% in 2020, received only 1.41% of the total credits granted nationwide. Furthermore, key sectors such as manufacturing, transportation, and accommodation, which suffered the most significant impacts, did not receive proportional support. Instead, the commerce sector concentrated over 70% of the allocated resources. The methodology employed was descriptive and non-experimental, utilizing historical data from 2020 and 2021 to analyze the distribution of resources, the participation of financial institutions, and the targeted economic sectors. Findings reveal that large national financial entities dominated the distribution process, while local microfinance institutions had limited involvement, restricting accessibility for smaller and more remote enterprises. The study concludes that the FAE-Mype resources were not equitably distributed in Loreto, limiting the economic recovery of micro and small enterprises in the region. Recommendations include revising allocation criteria to prioritize regions and sectors most affected by the pandemic and strengthening local financial institutions to ensure a more inclusive distribution of resources. These measures would enhance the impact of the 4 fund and contribute to a more equitable and effective economic recovery in Loreto.
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Fondo de Apoyo Empresarial MYPE, Equidad financiera, Sectores económicos, Reactivación económica, Entidades financiera, Pandemia covid, Business Support Fund MYPE, Financial equity, Economic sectors, Economic recovery, Financial entities, COVID-19 pandemic
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