Factores sociodemograficos relacionado a la práctica de la tecnica de amamantamiento de puerperas atendidas en dos hospitales de Loreto, 2024
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2024-11-20
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Universidad Científica del Perú
Abstract
Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad analizar la asociación entre los
factores sociodemográficos y la aplicación de la técnica de lactancia en
puérperas atendidas en dos instituciones hospitalarias de Loreto durante el
año 2024. Se utilizó un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo, de diseño no
experimental, descriptivo, correlacional y prospectivo, con una muestra de
200 madres en periodo posparto. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo a
través de un cuestionario y una guía de observación, una vez obtenido el
consentimiento informado de las participantes. El instrumento fue validado
por un panel de expertos, quienes lograron un índice de concordancia del
70%. Asimismo, se realizó una prueba piloto con 20 puérperas, obteniendo
una confiabilidad de 0,704, lo que sugiere que el instrumento es altamente
fiable para su aplicación en la población objeto de estudio. Los resultados
indicaron que la muestra estuvo constituida por 200 puérperas de los
hospitales EsSalud Iquitos y Regional de Loreto. La edad promedio de las
participantes fue de 30,4 años en EsSalud y 25,8 años en el Regional. El
57% de las participantes vivía en pareja, mientras que el 46,5% poseía
educación secundaria. Un 63,5% provenía de áreas urbanas y el 56,5% se
dedicaba al hogar. El 37% había tenido 8 o más controles prenatales, y el
35% no recibió capacitación sobre lactancia materna exclusiva (LME). En
términos de modalidad de parto, el 52% fue vaginal, observándose un
manejo adecuado de la técnica de lactancia en el 90% de los casos en
EsSalud, en comparación con el 61% en el Hospital Regional. La relación
entre el tipo de parto y la técnica de lactancia fue estadísticamente
significativa únicamente en el Hospital Regional (p=0,025). Se concluyó
que, en EsSalud, no se evidenció una relación significativa (p=0,069),
mientras que en el Hospital Regional sí se estableció (p=0,025).
The purpose of this research was to analyze the association between sociodemographic factors and the application of the breastfeeding technique in postpartum women treated in two hospital institutions in Loreto during the year 2024. A quantitative methodological approach was used, with a non-experimental, descriptive, correlational and prospective design, with a sample of 200 mothers in the postpartum period. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire and an observation guide, once informed consent was obtained from the participants. The instrument was validated by a panel of experts, who achieved a concordance rate of 70%. Likewise, a pilot test was carried out with 20 postpartum women, obtaining a reliability of 0.704, which suggests that the instrument is highly reliable for its application in the population under study. The results indicated that the sample consisted of 200 postpartum women from the EsSalud Iquitos and Regional hospitals in Loreto. The average age of the participants was 30.4 years in EsSalud and 25.8 years in the Regional Hospital. 57% of the participants lived with a partner, while 46.5% had secondary education. 63.5% came from urban areas and 56.5% were homemakers. 37% had had 8 or more prenatal check-ups, and 35% had not received training on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). In terms of delivery mode, 52% were vaginal, with adequate management of the breastfeeding technique observed in 90% of cases in EsSalud, compared to 61% in the Regional Hospital. The relationship between the type of delivery and the breastfeeding technique was statistically significant only in the Regional Hospital (p=0.025). It was concluded that, in EsSalud, a significant relationship was not evident (p=0.069), while in the Regional Hospital it was established (p=0.025).
The purpose of this research was to analyze the association between sociodemographic factors and the application of the breastfeeding technique in postpartum women treated in two hospital institutions in Loreto during the year 2024. A quantitative methodological approach was used, with a non-experimental, descriptive, correlational and prospective design, with a sample of 200 mothers in the postpartum period. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire and an observation guide, once informed consent was obtained from the participants. The instrument was validated by a panel of experts, who achieved a concordance rate of 70%. Likewise, a pilot test was carried out with 20 postpartum women, obtaining a reliability of 0.704, which suggests that the instrument is highly reliable for its application in the population under study. The results indicated that the sample consisted of 200 postpartum women from the EsSalud Iquitos and Regional hospitals in Loreto. The average age of the participants was 30.4 years in EsSalud and 25.8 years in the Regional Hospital. 57% of the participants lived with a partner, while 46.5% had secondary education. 63.5% came from urban areas and 56.5% were homemakers. 37% had had 8 or more prenatal check-ups, and 35% had not received training on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). In terms of delivery mode, 52% were vaginal, with adequate management of the breastfeeding technique observed in 90% of cases in EsSalud, compared to 61% in the Regional Hospital. The relationship between the type of delivery and the breastfeeding technique was statistically significant only in the Regional Hospital (p=0.025). It was concluded that, in EsSalud, a significant relationship was not evident (p=0.069), while in the Regional Hospital it was established (p=0.025).
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Puerperio, Puérpera, Factores sociodemográficos y técnicas de amamantamiento, Puerperium, Postpartum, Sociodemographic factors and breastfeeding techniques
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